A “perfect” interplanetary coronal mass ejection could create a magnetic storm with intensity up to the saturation limit (Dst ~ −2500 nT), a value greater than the Carrington storm. Many of the other space weather effects ...

Generally, Co-rotating Interaction Region (CIR) induced geomagnetic storms are weak to moderate in magnitude. Moreover, CIRs can also drive intense storms when they are coupled with an ICME or other interplanetary structures. ...

On 13 April 2013, the ACE spacecraft detected arrival of an interplanetary shock at 2250 UT, which is followed by the passage of the sheath region of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) for a prolonged (18-hr) ...