Abstract:
In this paper, we review the progress in Geomagnetism and allied areas based on the past thirty five Indian Antarctic
expeditions and summarize the scientific results obtained in the last decade. Various dynamic processes in the near-Earth
space environment, driven by the transient changes in geomagnetic field such as storms and substorms, severely affect the
space weather over the Polar Regions. Magnetopsheric substorms lead to the intensification of ionospheric currents and
auroral outbursts within the auroral oval, causing energetic charged particles in the auroral region to come down to D-region
ionosphere, which is reflected as Cosmic Noise Absorption (CNA) as monitored by imaging RIOmeter at Indian Antarctic
station, Maitri (Geog. 70.75o
S, 11.73oE; Geom. 66.84oS, 56.29oE). A systematic rapid decline in The Earth’s complex main
magnetic field at Maitri (~110 nT/yr) is important for monitoring the evolution of reverse magnetic flux patches due to
physical processes occurring in the outer core of the Earth. The Global Electric Circuit (GEC) studies were started to
understand the solar-terrestrialrelationship and associated changesin surface weather and the near-earth electrical environment.
Schumann resonances (SRs), the AC part of GEC reveal a strong UT variation of amplitude in seasonal as well as yearly
time scales. The observed diurnal variation is explained in terms of the dominant thunderstorm activity centered over the
three convectively active regions, viz. Asia/Maritime Continent (Indonesia), South America and Africa.
The velocity and strain distribution of Schirmarchaer Glacier wasinvestigated during two GPS campaignsin the year 2003
and 2004. The studies indicate that the horizontal velocity is in the range of 1.89-10.88 ma–1 with an average velocity of
6.21 ma–1.
