Abstract:
Atmospheric electricity parameters (AEP) measurements from Antarctica predominantly
feature either the potential gradient (PG) and/or air-Earth current (AEC) density. We report for the first time
simultaneous measurements of the bipolar ions concentration/conductivity, PG, and AEC density. AEP
measurements were carried out at Maitri (70.8°S, 11.8°E) from December 2018 to November 2019. We
formulated a few criteria, irrespective of the weather conditions, to select the electrically quiet days and some
additional criteria based on the conductivity measurements to discern globally representative data (GRD) from
such days. The measurements of the PG and AEC density over the Antarctic plateau demonstrated the diurnal
curves similar to the Carnegie pattern, which represents the global thunderstorms and electrified shower clouds
(ESCs) occurring on different continents and oceans, we regard the data having such trend as GRD. We found
significant variability in the concentration of small bipolar ions/conductivity in the austral summer which in
turn affects GRD. However, the concentration of bipolar ions is nearly consistent at ∼250 negative ions cm−3
and ∼300 positive ions cm−3 in winter and enhances the probability of GRD. Such differences can arise out
of the prevalent planetary boundary layer processes in the two seasons. When the PG varied between ∼50
Vm−1 and ∼150 Vm−1 and the maximum range of conductivity variations was ∼0.2 × 10−14 ℧ m−1, the AEPs
represented the signatures of the global thunderstorm and ESC activities.
