The possible cause of most intense geomagnetic superstorm of the 21st century on 20 November 2003

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dc.contributor.author Raghav, Anil
dc.contributor.author Shaikh, Zubair
dc.contributor.author Vemareddy, P.
dc.contributor.author Bhaskar, Ankush
dc.contributor.author Dhamane, Omkar
dc.contributor.author Ghag, Kalpesh
dc.contributor.author Tari, Prathmesh
dc.contributor.author Dayanandan, Baiju
dc.contributor.author Suti, Badar Mohammed Al
dc.date.accessioned 2023-08-07T09:13:40Z
dc.date.available 2023-08-07T09:13:40Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.identifier.citation Solar Physics 298, 64 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-023-02157-y en_US
dc.identifier.uri http://library.iigm.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1727
dc.description.abstract An extreme geomagnetic storm has the potential to affect various technologies and activities in space and on the ground, e.g., power grids, oil and gas industries, communications, ground transportation, satellite infrastructure, global navigation satellite systems, aviation, etc. Therefore, it is considered a major source of risk by various governmental agencies and corporations at the international level. All notable space weather events (superstorms) are caused by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). But not every ICME leads to an extreme storm. Moreover, how does an extreme storm form? Or which explicit characteristic of ICME actually is responsible for inducing a superstorm? Here, we re-investigate the ICME characteristics that contribute to the most intense storm of the current century that occurred on 20 November 2003. Interestingly, the studied ICME magnetic cloud shows characteristics of extremely flattened (pancaked) structure i.e. quasi-planar magnetic structure (PMS). The pancaked ICME shows less adiabatic expansion than usual in the compressed direction, which leads to strong magnetic field strength, high plasma density, high solar wind speed, high dynamic pressure, and a high eastward interplanetary electric field. Here, we propose that the ICME that transformed into a quasi-PMS has the aforementioned enhanced features with strong southward magnetic field component that contributes to efficiently transferring plasma and energy into the Earth’s magnetosphere to cause the observed superstorm. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.subject The Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) en_US
dc.subject Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) en_US
dc.subject Solar-terrestrial relations en_US
dc.subject Heliosphere en_US
dc.subject Solar wind en_US
dc.title The possible cause of most intense geomagnetic superstorm of the 21st century on 20 November 2003 en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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