Planetary wave-tidal interactions over the equatorial mesosphere-lower thermosphere region and their possible implications for the equatorial electrojet

Abstract

Optically measured daylight mean mesopause temperatures over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5°N; 77°E; dip lat. 0.5°N), have been analyzed in conjunction with simultaneously measured equatorial electrojet (EEJ)–produced magnetic field at the surface. The signature of planetary wave-tidal interactions in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region has been observed for the first time in the day-to-day variability in the EEJ, i.e., the time of its peaking and the duration, as inferred from the EEJ-produced magnetic field on the ground. The present study shows that the planetary wave of quasi 16 day periodicity plays an important role in causing these variabilities, especially during the winter months. The quasi 16 day wave is found to be modulating the mesopause temperature (MT), duration, and time of the maximum EEJ intensity (DEEJ and TEEJ). During positive excursions of the planetary wave, TEEJ showed a shift toward evening, while the MT showed an increase and DEEJ showed a broadening. Similarly, all these parameters exhibited an opposite trend during negative excursions. The planetary wave-tidal interactions and subsequent modification of the tidal components have been shown to be responsible for the observed variations. This study presents a new perspective addressing the day-to-day variability of the EEJ.